Computers types
I Computer: Definition
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal
characteristics are:
It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
Therefore computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely
and reliably. Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery
(wires, transistors, and circuits) is called hardware; the instructions and data are called
software. All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:
Central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, this is the component
that actually executes instructions organized in programs ("software") which tell the
computer what to do.
Memory (fast, expensive, short-term memory): Enables a computer to store, at
least temporarily, data, programs, and intermediate results.
Mass storage device (slower, cheaper, long-term memory): Allows a computer to
permanently retain large amounts of data and programs between jobs. Common
mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
Input device: Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit
through which data and instructions enter a computer.
Output device: A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the
computer has accomplished.
In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic
components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus
that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.
Предмет: | Социология |
Тип: | Реферати |
Брой страници: | 9 |
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